Understanding Endemism in Biodiversity Quiz - Test Your Knowledge

the New Zealand endemic amphipod Paraleptamphopus caeruleus lives in "bog-water on top of Swampy Hill".

the Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park on Halmahera island of Indonesia, is considered vital for 23 endemic bird species.

the Colombian palm Aiphanes leiostachys is an endangered species, while two other Colombian endemics in the same genus, Aiphanes duquei and Aiphanes lindeniana, are vulnerable to extinction.

the carnivorous plant Drosera meristocaulis is endemic to Pico da Neblina in South America, 17,000 km (11,000 mi) to the west of its most closely related species.

more than a quarter of freshwater fishes that have been discovered in rivers and streams of southwestern Sri Lanka are endemic.

the Brazillian endemic genus Philcoxia, which may represent another genus of carnivorous plants, was formally described in scientific literature 34 years after the first specimen had been discovered.

the Bar-winged Prinia (pictured) is a common passerine bird endemic to western Indonesia.

the Carrikeri Harlequin Frog, a critically endangered toad endemic to northern Colombia, was recently rediscovered after an absence of 14 years.

the decline of the gopher tortoise poses a threat to the Florida mouse, which forms the only mammal genus that occurs only in Florida.

the island of Dominica has two endemic lizards, the Dominican Ground Lizard and the Dominican Anole (pictured).

the Rufous-crowned Sparrow, a medium-sized sparrow of the southwestern United States and Mexico, has a subspecies endemic to the Todos Santos Islands that has not been seen since the 1970s.

the Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat is only the second species in its genus and the 26th endemic bat species from the Philippines to be described.

the Flammulated Flycatcher (pictured), a tyrant flycatcher endemic to Mexico, was eventually placed in the monotypic genus Deltarhynchus because of its broad bill.

the Goldenface is a small bird with bright plumage that is endemic to the hills and mountains of New Guinea.

due to their rich biodiversity, Sri Lanka montane rain forests are a globally important super-hotspot with a large number of endemic species.

although it is now endemic to Fiji, fossils attributed to the Fiji Goshawk have been found in ʻEua, Tonga.

Ancistrochilus rothschildianus is a species of semi-terrestrial orchid endemic to the African tropics.

Campanula gelida, an endemic species of a bellflower, grows in nature only on one rock in the Czech Republic.

Amaranthus brownii, an endangered species of pigweed endemic to the Northwestern Hawaiian Island of Nihoa, was discovered in 1923, but has not been seen in the wild for twenty-five years.

shartegosuchid crocodyliforms made up an endemic Central Asian Mesozoic fauna that existed after the breakup of Pangaea.

Ceylon Rose (pictured) is a critically endangered endemic butterfly of Sri Lanka.

Fernandina's Flicker (Colaptes fernandinae), a woodpecker endemic to Cuba, is threatened by habitat loss and now there are fewer than 800 left in the world.

Duguetia tobagensis, a small tree endemic to the island of Tobago, has only been collected three times since its original discovery in 1912.

Lytocaryum weddellianum, an endangered species of palm trees endemic to Brazil, may be saved from extinction as it has become a common potted plant in Europe.

all five species of the catfish genus Epactionotus are endemic to limited geographic areas in Brazil and Argentina.

all four remaining species of island raccoons (examples pictured), found only on small Central American and Caribbean islands, are considered endangered.

all eight endemic reptile species recorded in Minneriya National Park are listed as threatened.

Polyandrococos, a genus of palm trees endemic to Brazil, is so named partly because of its hairy tomentum.

Melidectes is a genus of honeyeater birds endemic to the mountains of New Guinea and New Britain.

hatchlings of the Cape Fear Shiner, a critically endangered minnow endemic to central North Carolina, feed off of their egg yolk for five days after they hatch.

Understanding Endemism in Biodiversity

1 Endemism can also occur in biologically isolated areas such as the highlands of ________, or large bodies of water like Lake Baikal.

2 According to the ________, the following ecoregions have the highest percentage of endemic plants:

3 An ________, also known as a naturalized or exotic species, is an organism that is not indigenous to a given place or area.

4 There were millions of both Bermuda Petrels and "Bermuda cedars" (actually junipers) in ________ when it was settled at the start of the 17th century.

5 Hawaiian tropical dry forests (________)

6 For example, many species of lemur are endemic to the island of ________.

7 ________ (United States)

8 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca and Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests (Mexico, ________)

9 Endemism is the ________ state of being unique to a particular geographic location, such as a specific island, habitat type, nation or other defined zone.

10 Endemics can easily become ________ or extinct because of their restricted habitat and vulnerability to the actions of man, including the introduction of new organisms.

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