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Understanding Enzymes: A Quiz on Structure and Function

This quiz tests knowledge on enzymes, highlighting their inhibitors, kinetic equations, roles in various reactions, and structural databases.

#Enzymes #Biochemistry #Kinetics #Cofactors #Signal transduction #Cell regulation

1 Many ________ and poisons are enzyme inhibitors.

2 [53] Their work was further developed by G. E. Briggs and ________, who derived kinetic equations that are still widely used today.

3 E.g. Glucose isomerase, used industrially to convert glucose into the sweetener ________, is a xylose isomerase in vivo.

4 What does the following picture show?  Mechanism for a single substrate enzyme catalyzed reaction. The enzyme (E) binds a substrate (S) and produces a product (P).   Eduard Buchner   Allosteric transition of an enzyme between R and T states, stabilized by an agonist, an inhibitor and a substrate (the MWC model)

5 For example, flavin and heme cofactors are often involved in ________ reactions.

6 They are indispensable for signal transduction and cell regulation, often via kinases and ________.

7 The rate data used in kinetic analyses are obtained from ________.

8 Enzyme Structures Database links to the known 3-D structure data of enzymes in the ________.

9 For example, ________ catalyzes its reaction in either direction depending on the concentration of its reactants.

10 What does the following picture show?  Germinating barley used for malt.   Ribbon diagram showing human carbonic anhydrase II. The grey sphere is the zinc cofactor in the active site. Diagram drawn from PDB 1MOO.   Mechanism for a single substrate enzyme catalyzed reaction. The enzyme (E) binds a substrate (S) and produces a product (P).   Human glyoxalase I. Two zinc ions that are needed for the enzyme to catalyze its reaction are shown as purple spheres, and an enzyme inhibitor called S-hexylglutathione is shown as a space-filling model, filling the two active sites.

💡 Interesting Facts

  • the Gaussian Network Model has a wide range of applications from enzymes composed of a single domain, to large macromolecular assemblies, such as ribosomes and viral capsids.
  • the presence of the metal ion in metalloprotein enzymes allows them to perform functions, such as catalyzing redox reactions, that other polypeptide enzymes cannot achieve.
  • the white bird's nest mushroom Crucibulum laeve (pictured) produces a chemical that inhibits an enzyme implicated in the formation of cataracts in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
  • the venom of the Beaded Lizard (pictured) has been found to contain several enzymes useful in the manufacturing of drugs to treat diabetes.
  • the enzyme neprilysin (pictured) degrades amyloid beta, a peptide whose abnormal aggregation is implicated as a cause of Alzheimer's disease.
  • Boneless Fish is a Japanese frozen food made from fish, which is deboned by hand and then glued to its original shape using a food-grade enzyme.
  • renalase is an enzyme that breaks down stress hormones and decreases blood pressure.
  • measuring the levels of certain enzymes called transaminases can help to diagnose some liver diseases.
  • biochemists Ralph F. Hirschmann and Robert Bruce Merrifield both led teams that synthesized the enzyme ribonuclease and while Merrifield won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Hirschmann did not.
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